The article describes the results of a study of the number and installed capacity structure of hydroelectric power plants in Russia. The structure of the number and installed capacity of hydroelectric power plants was determined for the Unified Power System of Russia and for technologically isolated power systems in regions. The structure of the number and installed capacity is given on the scale of installed capacity by types. The largest hydropower plants name and technological parameters are given. The chronology of the commissioning of the number and installed capacity hydroelectric power plants in the Soviet period from 1925 to 1991, and in the modern Russian period from 1992 to 2020 is indicated. © 2022 IEEE.