TY - JOUR

T1 - Remote Positioning of Spherical Alginate Ferrogels in a Fluid Flow by a Magnetic Field: Experimental and Computer Simulation

AU - Blyakhman, Felix

AU - Safronov, Alexander

AU - Starodumov, Ilya

AU - Kuznetsova, Darya

AU - Kurlyandskaya, Galina

N1 - The study was supported by the program of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (project 121032300335-1). A.P. Safronov thanks the Russian Science Foundation (Grant No. 20-12-00031) for ¯financial support in the synthesis and characterization of FGs. I.O. Starodumov thanks the Russian Science Foundation (Grant No. 22-71-10071) for ¯financial support in the mathematical modeling and computer simulations. G.V. Kurlyandskaya thanks the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (Grant No. FEUZ-2020-0051) for financial support in the characterization of FG’s magnetic properties.

PY - 2023

Y1 - 2023

N2 - This work belongs to the development of mechanical force-responsive drug delivery systems based on remote stimulation by an external magnetic field at the first stage, assisting the positioning of a ferrogel-based targeted delivery platform in a fluid flow. Magnetically active biopolymer beads were considered a prototype implant for the needs of replacement therapy and regenerative medicine. Spherical calcium alginate ferrogels (FGs)~2.4 mm in diameter, filled with a 12.6% weight fraction of magnetite particles of 200–300 nm in diameter, were synthesized. A detailed characterization of the physicochemical and magnetic properties of FGs was carried out, as were direct measurements of the field dependence of the attractive force for FG-beads. The hydrodynamic effects of the positioning of FG-beads in a fluid flow by a magnetic field were studied experimentally in a model vessel with a fluid stream. Experimental results were compared with the results of mathematical and computer modeling, showing reasonable agreement. The contributions of the hydrodynamic and magnetic forces acting on the FG-bead in a fluid flow were discussed. Obtained forces for a single ferrogel implant were as high as 0 to 10−4 N for the external field range of 0 to 35 kA/m, perfectly in the range of mechanical force stimuli in biological systems.

AB - This work belongs to the development of mechanical force-responsive drug delivery systems based on remote stimulation by an external magnetic field at the first stage, assisting the positioning of a ferrogel-based targeted delivery platform in a fluid flow. Magnetically active biopolymer beads were considered a prototype implant for the needs of replacement therapy and regenerative medicine. Spherical calcium alginate ferrogels (FGs)~2.4 mm in diameter, filled with a 12.6% weight fraction of magnetite particles of 200–300 nm in diameter, were synthesized. A detailed characterization of the physicochemical and magnetic properties of FGs was carried out, as were direct measurements of the field dependence of the attractive force for FG-beads. The hydrodynamic effects of the positioning of FG-beads in a fluid flow by a magnetic field were studied experimentally in a model vessel with a fluid stream. Experimental results were compared with the results of mathematical and computer modeling, showing reasonable agreement. The contributions of the hydrodynamic and magnetic forces acting on the FG-bead in a fluid flow were discussed. Obtained forces for a single ferrogel implant were as high as 0 to 10−4 N for the external field range of 0 to 35 kA/m, perfectly in the range of mechanical force stimuli in biological systems.

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U2 - 10.3390/gels9090711

DO - 10.3390/gels9090711

M3 - Article

VL - 9

JO - Gels

JF - Gels

SN - 2310-2861

IS - 9

M1 - 711

ER -