This study aimed to identify indicators of complex geochemical changes in urban landscapes in the context of contemporary sedimentation processes. The study was conducted in Russian cities with high anthropogenic pressure, in different climatic and economic zones, and in areas with different geological structures: Nizhny Novgorod, Rostov-on-Don, Murmansk, Tyumen, and Chelyabinsk. The study was based on the hypothesis that recent urban surface-deposited sediments (USDS) reflect changes in geochemical conditions occurring in the urban environment. Therefore, the sampling of environmental compartments participating in the formation of the USDS was conducted in multi-story residential quarters of each city: soil/ground from lawns; dust from sidewalks, driveways, and roads; sediments of local surface-depressed areas of microrelief. The combined analysis of the data on the chemical, mineral, and granulometric composition of the collected samples allowed identifying the following indicators of urban geochemical transformation: the petrogenic and anthropogenic geochemical associations of elements, the granulometric composition, the distribution of elements on granulometric fractions, and the mineral composition.