Composition and mechanical properties of cold resistant steels such as 34KhN1M, 38Kh2N2M, 40KhN2MA, 35KhN2ML, FAM, FBM, PB1M, FC1M are considered. The new grades for the large forgings and castings as well as for the cast-welded structures are created with the use of calculation method of structure and properties of the massive parts. The method is suitable to correcting the heat treating process of such steels as 38Kh2NM, 25Kh2NML, 25Kh2GNMFL, 20Kh2NMFL to provide the required properties.