The influence of low-molecular-mass additives, temperature, and mechanical treatment on the structure and properties of starch is discussed. Starch blends with synthetic polymers such as ethylene copolymers with vinyl acetate, vinylic alcohol, acrylic acid and with cellulose derivatives and other natural polymers are considered. These blends can be used for the development of new environmentally safe biodegradable materials for the manufacture of films, packing and various articles for short-term use.