No doubt that the identification of predisposition toward certain types of activities becomes essential, which will allow using additional educational technologies as early as possible, thereby contributing to the development of existing powers in individuals and, as a result, increasing the productivity of future endeavors. There has been conducted a molecular genetic study of the frequency distribution of alleles and genotypes of 15 polymorphic genes variants, those involved in the regulation of memory span, synaptic plasticity, and the functioning of neurotransmitter systems of the brain of 7th and 8th grade students. DNA samples recovered from peripheral blood lymphocytes of 197 adolescents (89 boys, 108 girls), served as the material for molecular genetic testing; the students of the Municipal Autonomous Educational Institution «Lyceum No. 42» of the city district of Ufa city of the Republic of Bashkortostan - none registered in medical records. Statistically significant associations were defined: on the «general activity» scale with polymorphic loci rs6265 of the BDNF gene, rs4680 in the COMT gene and rs1387923 of the NTRK2 gene, on the «mathematical intelligence» scale - rs6265 of the BDNF gene, on the psychoticism scale - rs2710102 in the CNTNAP2 gene, rs6280 in the DRD3 gene, rs1018381 in the DTNBP1 gene and rs1387923 in gene NTRK2, on the neuroticism scale - rs6675281 in the DISC1 gene, on the «spatial intelligence» scale - rs6675281 in the DISC1 gene and rs4971684 in the NRXN1 gene, on the «extroversion» scale - rs2832407 in the GRIK1 gene.