The article analyzes the poverty issues in such a post-socialist country as Tajikistan and the possibilities of solving them through migration. The Tajikistan position in the main economic ratings has been determined; the state of the economy in terms of economic growth and demographic problems has been analyzed, the unemployment rate and the growth dynamics of the average wage has been estimated. The authors compared GDP per capita and the number of poverty population for the period from 1999 to 2018, determined the demographic and regional structure of poor citizens. Next, the migration situation analysis is carried out; the migration flow from Tajikistan to the Russian Federation for the period from 2000 to 2017 is analyzed in detail. It was revealed that migrant remittances to their homeland are the main tool in the fight against poverty in Tajikistan. Based on the migrant remittances dynamics analysis to members of their families, the authors concluded that Tajikistan has built a kind of economic development model and poverty reduction, based on financing the country through the remittances’ receipt. The article is of an overview nature. At the conclusion, recommendations are made aimed at improving the migration situation.