The article presents the results of the philosophical analysis of the views of bioconservatives and transhumanists. It aims to differentiate these views from the perspective of distinguishing between “therapy” (restoring a person's state to some acceptable norm) and “enhancement” (exceeding the norm). The author of the article demonstrates the ambiguity of this distinction that requires the introduction of some unified norm of human nature, which is fraught with the eugenic opposition of people through dividing them into superior and inferior human beings, normal and deviant ones. The article makes an attempt to carry out an analysis of the possible consequences of transhumanism (mainly its extremist version), such as the revival of eugenics; the discrimination of un(under)improved people; the transformation of the right to (self-)improvement into a duty; the rejection of the labor-intensive task of self-cultivation in favor of easy ways that make people dependent on some artificial means; the exposure to external control and management; the technologization and objectification of man; the typification of people according to their function in society; the reduction of wicked sociopolitical problems to the biological and technological aspect. The author comes to the conclusion that transhumanism is a manifestation of the never-satisfied thirst for improvement.