One of the main issues facing any educational system is improving the level and quality of education. Undoubtedly, this is a complex problem involving many factors. This article is aimed at considering an actively developing field of scientific knowledge-cognitive psychology, the study of which can significantly affect the solution of the above issue. This science explores the processes of cognition: thinking, attention, collection and processing of information, its memorization-the key points in learning. The article considers the cognitive psychology in details, its key aspects, the possibilities of applying the knowledge of cognitive psychology in educational environment. Knowledge of the key aspects of cognitive psychology can have a significant impact on the academic potential and academic development of the participants in the educational process. And, as a result, learning becomes more effective, and the quality of education in general increases. In addition, it should be noted that cognitive processes play an important role in the educational sphere, the use of which can be both effective and ineffective. Therefore, in an effort to improve the quality of education, one should take into account the fact that learning should be cognitively effective. Based on this, it is necessary to take into consideration the conditions affecting the result, which will also be highlighted in this article.