One of the negative influences of motor transport on environment is CO 2 emissions from fuel combustion. The aim of the paper is economic incentives improvement for reduction of motor transport CO2 emissions by changing the system of oil products taxation. The authors discuss the development directions of economic mechanism of government influence on motor transport CO 2 emissions, where production and consumption incentives of environmentfriendly fuel are the main ones. The toolbox of economic incentive for reduction of motor transport CO 2 emissions is offered. The need of introducing a tax concerning CO2 emissions from fuel combustion to the present oil products taxation system and state price rise restraints for fuel and diesel fuel is justified. Methodological approach to the offered tax calculation with regard to dependence of motor transport CO 2 emissions on qualitative characteristics of consumed fuel is developed.