The article is devoted to one of the periods of creative work of Grigory Musatov (1889-1941), a Russian émigré artist, who lived and worked in Czechoslovakia, mostly in Prague between 1920 and 1941. The text is based on the research of Musatov’s paintings of the 1920s that fit in the stylistics of neo-primitivism. The author describes and analyzes the specificity of his creative method and the peculiarity of his neo-primitivist artistic methods. The features of Musatov’s individual way of revision and interpretation of folk culture and urban folklore (icon-painting, folk painting, popular print, provincial portrait photography) are examined referring to a number of the artist’s paintings. Grigory Musatov’s creative work is analyzed in the context of neoprimitivism development not only in Russian but also in Czech art of the first third of the 20th century.