The article deals with the problem of Chinese migrant labour in farming industry in Russia. Key features and consequences of Chinese labour migration are analysed. In an effort to maximize their profits, Russian and Chinese entrepreneurs use environmentally hazardous facilities and cultivate illegal methods and forms of exploitation of workers. This undermines national food security. Competition from Chinese workers leads to the ruin of local farmers and creates social tensions, worsen the climate of Russian-Chinese relations. These issues need to be solved by improving the legal environment, more active involvement of public authorities in monitoring the quality of agricultural products and labor markets. The research is based on the analysis of a significant amount of information sources.