The energy structure of most countries has changed in line with the trend toward "greening" energy in the world. For the most part, countries support the diversification of energy sources to ensure national interests and energy security. An adequate and reliable energy supply, especially electricity, is essential not only for economic development, but also for the social and political stability of the country. This paper presents a general picture of global and nuclear power industry, including an overview of the Vietnamese electricity industry. The results of the analysis show that even with relatively modest energy consumption, Vietnam has faced a shortage of energy sources, so strengthening the development of Vietnam's electricity sector is an urgent need to ensure socio-economic development during the country's accelerating industrialization and modernization. The current state of the world's energy industry and its development trends; the accelerating process of transition from conventional to renewable energy sources and its consequences; especially local energy crises in Europe, Asia, and the United States due to a too rapid transition in relatively harsh climatic conditions, as well as the aggravation of energy supply problems on a global scale due to extensive sanctions against Russia, are described. The results of the analysis show that in the long term, nuclear power is the best solution to the problem of reliable energy supply, not only in Europe, but all over the world. The necessary conditions for the development of nuclear energy in Vietnam, including the existence of a legal framework and the preparations carried out by Vietnam from the beginning of the implementation of the nuclear energy development policy (1996) until the decision to stop construction of the first NPP (2016), in particular, the site preparation for the construction of NPPs in Ninh Thuan province, availability of uranium potential, available investments and finances, as well as training of personnel, are analyzed. Recommendations for the future development of Vietnam's nuclear program are formulated.