A large number of Chinese students study Russian. Listening is an important subject in the process of learning the Russian language, plays an important role in the study of the Russian language and communication. Listening is the main means of obtaining language information and perception of the language, as well as the basis for improving other skills. When learning to communicate, only by understanding what the other person is saying one can communicate with him or her and reflect the nature of the language. In order to improve listening skills, it is necessary to understand what problems the student may encounter. The article provides an analysis of the obstacles that Chinese students face when teaching Russian listening. Factors influencing learning are also considered. The authors analyzed the four main components of listening: phonetics, vocabulary, grammar, as well as existing problems in the field of teaching. Measures are proposed to solve these problems and find more suitable teaching methods for Chinese students.