Against the background of a new stage of depopulation in Russia, there is a rapid reduction of labor potential in Russia. In this connection, the problem of replacement migration and its effects on the social welfare of the host economy is discussed in the scientific literature. Important aspects of this problem are the qualitative characteristics of the human capital attracted to Russia. In this connection, emphasis is placed on expanding regional participation in the state program to assist the voluntary resettlement to the Russian Federation of compatriots living abroad. The most important reserve for the implementation of this program is the Soviet diaspora of Kazakhstan, which formed as a result of targeted policy of population transfer pursued by the Soviet Union. The interest in Kazakhstan is due to the fact that today it has the largest Russian-speaking population with a high level of education and qualification among the donor countries of labor resources to Russia. And the policy of returning the Oralmans which is being actively conducted in Kazakhstan stimulates the migratory mood of the Russian-speaking population. The purpose of this study is to research the qualitative characteristics of the Soviet diaspora in Kazakhstan and to assess factors of migration of the Russian-speaking population from Kazakhstan to Russia. The research methodology is based on the concept of migration potential and the theory of migration factors. Graphic and econometric methods are used to achieve the purpose of the study. As a result of the study, it is concluded that it is important to emphasize the migratory policy pursued in Russia, the migration potential of Kazakhstan and the possibility of considering it as a factor in increasing Russia’s human capital. In addition, the participation of Russia’s regions in the state program to assist the voluntary resettlement to the Russian Federation of compatriots living abroad is very significant. The results can be used to improve the effectiveness of the implementation of migration policy measures.