Importance The subject of research is the parent work regarded as activities aimed at the creation of human capital with certain quantitative and qualitative characteristics. Objectives The aim of this paper is to develop methodologies and indicators to assess the results of parent work. Methods The methodological basis of the analysis is the human capital theory and the concept of parental labor. Results We propose four principles to assess the results of the parent work: the principle of possibility and need for evaluation of the parent work results; the principle of integration of the parent labor results by stages; the principle of diversity of information sources used for assessment; the principle of expediency of differentiation for health and social indicators. Based on these principles, we have developed a system of indicators that can be used to assess the results of the parent labor. Conclusions and Relevance We justify the possibility of application of the developed system of indicators for the formulation of an equitable and effective principle of compensation of expenses of a parent and in accounting for the pension system of the Russian Federation. This could be a new effective mechanism behind reforming the pension system, and it will facilitate the individualization of the pension insurance system, overcoming negative demographic trends.