The article examines the problem of human rights from the viewpoint of philosophical and juridical approach. According to the author, to secure the efficient protection of rights and freedoms we should study the formation of the human being as a subject of necessity and to cultivate spiritual effort to recognize the other subject of law as an independent, intellectual and free personality in him/her. The phenomenon of law is associated with the essence of the human being, with such spiritual elements of him/her as freedom, conscience, mind, will.