The formation of the grain microstructure of tracks in alloys of the Al-PM, Al-Mg-PM and Al-Cu-Mg-Mn-PM systems, obtained by varying the power of laser radiation, the initial temperature of the base metal, the processing strategy and the type of substrate structure has been studied. The power of laser radiation, the strategy of laser processing and the initial structure of the substrate in alloys of the Al-Fe-Mn, Al-Fe-Ni, Al-Fe-Cr, Al-Mg-Fe-Cr, Al-Mg-Fe-Ni, Al-Mg-Fe-Mn, Al-Cu-Mg-Mn-Y, Al-Cu-Mg-Mn-Y-Fe-Ni systems considerably influence on the grain structure formed after laser melting. In the alloys of the Al-Mg-Cr-Zr, Al-Cu-Mg-Mn-Y-Zr-Cr and Al-Cu-Mg-Mn-Y-Zr-Sc systems, the heating temperature of the substrate has the greatest influence, and in the alloys of the Al-Cu-Mg-Mn-Y-Ti-B system a very homogeneous and dispersed grain structure is formed in all laser processing modes.