The article substantiates the relevance and importance of the problems of spatial development of the subjects of the Russian Federation due to the heterogeneity of their development and the existing interregional contrasts. The experience of interregional cooperation in Russia is considered. The importance of industrial cooperation for the socio-economic and industrial development of the Urals is noted. Interregional relations of the 10 subjects of the Russian Federation included in the Volga and Ural Federal districts, formerly called “Big Ural”, are investigated. Based on the method of spatial econometrics, the article reveals the possibilities of interaction of territories in terms of their resource potential and geographical location. The study was conducted on the interaction of regions in four areas of industrial cooperation: resources, production, personnel and technology. It is established that the locomotive of growth in the sphere of resource interaction is the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous District; the leaders of production cooperation are the Tyumen region and the Republic of Bashkiria. Sverdlovsk region is the leader of cooperation in terms of training potential. Extremes for further development of interregional technological infrastructure are the Republic of Bashkiria and Sverdlovsk region. The study shows that the development of interregional cooperation in the real sector of the economy requires the development of a single economic policy of macro-regions, taking into account the comparative competitive advantages of the territories. The study has shown that inter-regional cooperation and industrial cooperation of territories will contribute to improving business efficiency and development of territories by using the advantages of specialization, reducing the risks of projects, as well as improving economic security by reducing the import dependence of regions.