The article analyzes ontological problems in the natural-science and social studies and studies pertaining to the humanities of the XX-XXI centuries: the typology of investigated objects, the forms of addressing the mentioned problems and the ways to solve them. The author evaluates modern trends in the development of science and philosophy and points out that modern social studies and studies pertaining to the humanities equally with natural-science ones explore virtual objects. The researcher justifies the thesis on the inevitability and relevance of the classical “eternal” problems of ontology.