The purpose of this paper is to analyze the features of evolution of the US climate policy and to assess the impact of internal and external factors on its formation. The United States plays a crucial role in a global climate policy as this country has been holding a special position in the negotiation process within the framework of the Conferences of the Parties on Climate (COP) for many years. The US climate policy is characterized by the protection of the national interests and applying market instruments to the fight against global climate change. The United States insists on making voluntary commitments by all countries to reduce CO2 emissions. In addition, the US position on combating global climate change is cyclical: under the rule of the democratic presidents, more ambitious programs are adopted than under republican ones. The presidential decisions have a low legal status and can be easily substituted upon the arrival of a new president. Currently, the United States occupies the position of a world leader in the fight against climate change. American President Joe Biden announces the possible achievement of the goals for carbon neutrality by 2050, and he widely pursues the policy of ecological transformation of the national economy and protection of ecosystems and biodiversity. However, his policy can be easily crossed out by any successor in the same way as it was in 2017 under the rule of President Donald Trump.