The formation of the grain structure of tracks in alloys of the Al–TM, Al–Mg–TM, and Al–Cu–Mg–Mn–TM systems has been studied obtained upon varying the laser radiation power, initial temperature of the base metal, the treatment mode, and the type of structure of the substrate. The laser radiation power, laser treatment mode, and the initial structure of the substrate strongly affect the grain structure formed after laser melting of alloys of the Al–Fe–Mn, Al–Fe–Ni, Al–Fe–Cr, Al–Mg–Fe–Cr, Al–Mg–Fe–Ni, Al–Mg–Fe–Mn, Al–Cu–Mg–Mn–Y, and Al–Cu–Mg–Mn–Y–Fe–Ni systems. The preheat temperature of the substrate has the highest effect in alloys of the Al–Mg–Cr–Zr, Al–Cu–Mg–Mn–Y–Zr–Cr, and Al–Cu–Mg–Mn–Y–Zr–Sc systems, and a highly uniform and dispersed structure is formed in alloys of the Al–Cu–Mg–Mn–Y–Ti–B system using all laser treatment modes. © Pleiades Publishing, Ltd. 2024. ISSN 2075-1133, Inorganic Materials: Applied Research, 2024, Vol. 15, No. 1, pp. 26–33. Pleiades Publishing, Ltd., 2024. Russian Text The Author(s), 2023, published in Materialovedenie, 2023, No. 3, pp. 33–41.