Using the method of scanning microscopy in the mode of electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), the structural and textural states of two medium-carbon alloy steels near the joint obtained by rotational friction welding are investigated. In both steels, martensitic structures are detected in the zone of thermal deformation influence, which is characterized by the presence of a pronounced crystallographic texture close to that of the (110)[001] plane with the axis normal to the surface of the joint. Assuming the formation of new phase nuclei at special boundaries Ʃ3, the formation of a practically one-component crystallographic texture is explained by shear transformation of deformed austenite in accordance with multivariate orientation relations of the Kurdyumov–Zaks type.