One of the most important thermophysical characteristics of pellets, namely, their heat capacity, which affects the production of iron-ore pellets at the stage of their heat treatment in a layer on the belt of a horizontal-grate machine, is considered. Since the physical heat capacity of a material is determined by enthalpy, the mixing method is used to measure the latter on a setup with an adiabatic calorimeter. The object of research is represented by Kachkanar pellets of various basicities. The average enthalpy of pellets and their physical heat capacity are presented in the form of interpolation equations with allowance for changes in the phase and chemical composition of the material. The temperature dependences of the apparent heat capacities of pellets of various basicities at various heating rates are determined using a newly created experimental installation, which allows a set of thermophysical characteristics to be determined. Quantitative thermal analysis is applied to estimate the enthalpy change and the temperature dependence of the apparent heat capacity for the nonfluxed and fluxed concentrates of the Sokolov–Sarybay Mining Production Association using the created experimental installation. The techniques used to determine the enthalpy and the heat capacity of iron-ore pellets and concentrates and the constructions created for the implementation of these techniques can be applied to determine the heat capacities of various materials of metallurgical production and to optimize the operating parameters of their heat treatment.