The question whether Russia had chance to elude major social disruption and to develop in evolutionary way at the beginning of XX century remains topical for several generations of historicians, politologists, and publicists, while its consideration is closely connected to political environment and is one of the “puzzlers” of the Russian history. The aim of this article is to study the issues of explaining the peculiarities of monarchical political system of Russia development at the turn of XIX-XX centuries to students of senior school and universities with due regard to comparison of various viewpoints at this problem. The article studies challenges of constitutionalism and parliamentarism development in Czarist Russia. The article analyses socio-cultural conflicts of Russian society at the turn of XIX-XX centuries that are remarkable for teaching history of Russia and some other socio-political disciplines.