The article reconstructed the history of the creation and development of the Ural Association of Proletarian Writers from 1926 to 1930. The internal structure of the organization is described, the relationship with Russian Association of Proletarian Writers and the authorities is revealed, the leading role in the literary life of the Ural region is indicated. The specifics of managing the literary groups are determined, the agenda of congresses and conferences is articulated, the zones of self-description and self-criticism are investigated. Particular attention is paid to the comb-out of the organization in 1929-1930. For the first time archival materials (GASO, OMPU, TsEDOOSO) are introduced into scientific circulation; analyzed articles and notes in the Ural press of the second half of 1920s - early 1930s.