This article is devoted to the development of Ainu movement in Japan in the XX century. It is based on the documents of Association of Ainu in Hokkaido, materials of Japanese legislation, studies by Japanese, Western and Russian historians and ethnologists. The author proves that during XX century Ainu fought for their rights using support of international organizations. The author concludes that to the end of the XX century Japanese government had created conditions for the conservation and development of Ainu culture.