The high-sensitive biomarkers, developed based on the quantum dots (QD), present an alternative to widely known organic dyes, which are used during surgical operations on retina. The QD biological properties permit to distinctly visualize the state of retina, hyaline body, of back hyoloid, internal boundary and epiretinal membranes, of Weiss ring. The mathematical and computer modeling of the QD-based photosynthetic structures has been carried out. Based on the expansion method for desired fields by vector spherical harmonics an improved mathematical apparatus for calculating the local electromagnetic fields in the nano-biocomplexes using G. Mi coefficients and taking into account the QD h -layer covering of spheric form, having a random composition and size limiting series of expansion in multipoles up to three terms, has been offered. The convergence of series has been estimated taking into account the real properties of QD material and biological environment. The scattering and extinction cross sections of GA-150 type InP/ZnS QDs in polymethylmethacrylate for various size range, as well as the amplitude distributions of local electromagnetic fields have been obtained. The modeling of Plasmon-polariton interaction mechanism of QDs in a cluster with biomolecules has been carried out. The parameters of the processes worsening the optical properties of the nano-biocomplex during the Förster nonradiative interaction of the donor acceptor couples have been determined. The three-dimensional scattered light distributions on a 5x5x3 dimension QD cluster have been obtained in the ANSYS HFSS software. The results of modeling kinetics of interaction of quantum dots with bioenvironment show the possibility of implementing an artificial neuron-stimulator of the photo receptors, for example, based on the aluminum porous oxide with those built into pores of a semiconductor (InP/ZnS) type QD.