This work presents a review of works, in which new models of continuous media mechanics are intensively developed, summarizing the classical theories of elasticity. These models are used to describe composite and statistically heterogeneous media, new structural materials, as well as difficult massives in mine and ground conditions, and besides in the study of phenomena occurring in permafrost under the influence of thawing processes. The characteristic feature of the theory of the media with the hierarchical structure is the presence explicitly or implicitly of large-scale parameters, i.e. explicit or hidden nonlocality of the theory. In the work, the main attention is paid to the study of the nonlocality effects and internal degrees of freedom, reflected in internal stresses, which are not described by the classical theory of elasticity and which can be potential harbingers of the development of the catastrophic process in the mountain massif. The work presents the 2D algorithm for determining internal stresses as part of acoustic monitoring of a layered block elastic environment with elastic hierarchical inclusions of the L-rank using longitudinal and transverse wave. In the given algorithms, the case is considered when the physical properties of the heterogeneities of the same level are the same, only the boundaries of the regions differ and the centers of hierarchical areas relative to each other occurs. At the same time, in the first algorithm, the internal stresses are associated with the effect of a shift in a mountain range, and in the second with the effect of compression and stretching in the mountain massif. Thanks to the use of a layer-out block medium with hierarchical inclusions, it is possible to determine the position of the highest internal stress values using acoustic monitoring, determine the type of stresses and with less effort to carry out a method of unloading a mountain massif. If it is necessary to conduct a short-term forecast monitoring of geodynamic areas and determine the position of the preparing mountain impact by active acoustic observations, you need to configure them on a layered block model with hierarchical inclusions, and use the values of internal hierarchical stresses of the largest rank as an observed monitoring parameter.