Modern waves of crises associated with the pandemic and geopolitical tensions threaten the achievement of sustainable development goals and stimulate a rethinking of the essence and role of operational reliability in achieving the balanced development of organizations. The purpose of the article is to assess the impact of sustainable development practices and ensuring the reliability of enterprise functioning on the performance of Russian industrial enterprises in the context of the observed fragmentation of the world economy associated with deglobalization trends, increased sanctions pressure and disruptions in supply chains in developed and developing countries. The methodological basis of the study was the concepts of green economy and the development of production systems associated with frugality and reliability. Factor analysis and linear regression were chosen as research methods to assess individual variables of greening production, lean production and operational reliability as aspects of sustainable development of Russian industrial enterprises. The empirical basis was based on data from a survey of 225 employees of metallurgical and mechanical engineering enterprises in the Sverdlovsk region, conducted at the beginning of 2023. The structured questionnaire developed by the authors made it possible to identify various aspects of sustainable development and reliability. Based on the results of factor analysis, a number of heterogeneous theoretical constructs in the field of frugality, green economy, enterprise reliability and their operational performance were identified and confirmed. Regression analysis showed that, on the one hand, the practices of frugality and reliability have a positive effect on the operational performance of industrial enterprises in the region, which confirms the need to reduce implicit costs while ensuring a sufficient level of reliability; on the other hand, adhering to the principles of the green economy has a negative impact on the operational performance of industrial enterprises in the short term. The inconsistency of the results obtained regarding the environmental aspect of sustainable development does not mean a refusal to achieve the goals of a green economy, but indicates the need to revise investment policies and development strategies in the context of economic fragmentation, taking into account the characteristics of the development of industrial enterprises.