In this paper, an attempt is made on the basis of the data of chemical and phase analysis of carbon de-posits to outline the range of chemical compounds that, when added to oil and/or water products, will contribute to the effective removal of carbon deposits, copper plating and, in general, the care of mod-ern small arms. The results of the study of carbon deposits settling in the barrel of the machine gun after the shot are presented. It is shown that domestic rifle oils or their foreign analogues do not completely remove carbon from the barrels of small arms, so it is necessary to develop new special compositions. These studies of the composition of carbon deposits in automatic small arms and the analysis of the cleaning properties of rifle oils allow us to outline the main directions of further research and offer more effective compositions for the care of weapons. To remove copper plating from the barrels of fire arms, only water compositions that include organic compounds that form stable complex compounds with Cu(II) will be effective. For cleaning and lubri-cating weapons, it is advisable to develop rifle oils based on a new base oil and solvent, and as a corro-sion inhibitor, a complex-acting inhibitor can be considered, for example, synthetic dialkyl naphthalene sulfonates of barium or neutral type calcium. A number of new rifle oil with additives were tested, which showed an improvement cleaning properties oils, due to the introduction of the additives in concentration of 0.25-0.5%.