The monograph tells about the main aspects of the traditional Russian mentality, reflected in the literary artefacts of the Russian Old Believers. This literature, diverse in genres and problems, conveys the authors’ attitude to authority, their interpretation of historical events, emotional experiences, reasoning on the fate of individual people and humanity as a whole. The main attention in the book is focused on eschatological theories that occupy a special place in the Old Believer bookish culture. The book is aimed at a wide range of readers interested in Russian history and culture.