The article reveals peculiarities of medical care and sanitary and epidemiological state of workers of tank enterprises during the war. Inevitable difficulties of forming the system of sanitary and medical units in factories of people’s commissariat of Tank industry of USSR are shown. One of the main factors of high death rate at the tank enterprises was insufficient development of medical and sanitary care. The second important factor was the nutrition deficiency, which caused such diseases like dystrophy and avitaminosis. It is concluded that field of healthcare in the tank industry developed with serious difficulties throughout the war year, reaching the worst situation by the middle of the war. Subsequently, the tension in general was reduced, but still remained quite serious.