The paper considers the judicial experience introspection of the interbellum Jewish intellectuals, who lived in the First Austrian Republic and Soviet Russia or migrated to other countries. The author shows that in the first half of 20th century the legal status of Jewish citizens in the First Austrian Republic and Soviet Russia was critically transformed and this led to changes in political, cultural and economic spheres. It is also shown that Austrian and Soviet Jewish citizens were in complicated two-way situation and this fact was reflected in the judicial and cultural reality. Jewish intellectuals struggled to pass through and tried to comprehend current changes. The author underlines that assimilated Austrian Jews had the strongest intellectual introspection. Moreover, the judicial experience of the Soviet Jewish intel- lectuals and the Austrian Jewish intellectuals influenced on the reinterpretation and the constructing of identity. Finally, the Jewish people collided with the great problem - they couldn’t totally disregard their Jewish origin.