The article studies itineraries of Francois de Valois, younger son of Henry II of Valois and Catherine de Medici, Duke of Alancon, Anjou and Brabant based on his letters, acts and letters, mainly from Russian repositories, in the context of military and political situation of the French Kingdom during the Civil wars of the second half of the 16th century. There is noted an obvious historiographical underestimation of the significance of this figure, which prompts to re-examine his biography and related sources. Based on the study of the duke's autographs, the author raises the question of revising the "black legend" and the myth that had developed around this historical figure. The paper provides a chronological classification of the documents kept in the archival collections of Russia and France.