The article examines the system of organization of civil health care, including industrial workers, during the Great Patriotic War. The authors analyzed the changes in the regulatory framework of the healthcare sector in this period. Researchers have given the characteristics and subordination of the bodies of medical treatment of the population on the example of the Urals. It is concluded that, in general, the existing health care system has shown itself to be effective and well thought out, and was able to provide flexible management in wartime conditions.