The process of implementing the national program «Digital Economy of the Russian Federation» is accompanied by the active introduction of artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms into various spheres of the domestic economy. In this regard, the topic of scientific research is recognized as relevant and important. The purpose of this article is to identify and study the socio-economic and ethical aspects of the inclusion of artificial intelligence algorithms in the life of a person and society as a whole. The scientific novelty lies in the differentiation of the definition of «weak» and «strong» artificial intelligence, the development of the conceptual and categorical apparatus by clarifying individual definitions, as well as the use of separate approaches of economic and mathematical modeling in predicting the level of inclusion of AI capabilities in human society. The practical significance of the study consists in determining the factors constraining the development of the so-called «strong» artificial intelligence (superintelligence), as well as in identifying socio-economic and ethical problems of the introduction of AI in various spheres of socio-economic life. The results of scientific research can be useful to specialists in IT and business spheres, as well as scientists dealing with economic, socio-humanitarian and ethical problems of extended reproduction of artificial intelligence systems.