Depletion of natural energy sources and a sharp rise in the cost of their extraction, an increase in greenhouse emissions into the atmosphere, and growth of the consumption of fossil energy resources require a radical change in economic policy and the search for alternative opportunities for generating electricity. The construction of the digital economy and the transformation of civil society, as well as the introduction of anti-Russian sanctions, led to the emergence of a global energy crisis and the need for an energy transition. In this regard, the topic of this scientific study devoted to the analysis of experience and assessment of the prospects for switching to hydrogen fuel as the main direction of improving the energy efficiency of the economy is relevant. The scientific novelty of the research consists in systematizing the world experience and Russian practice of implementing energy efficiency projects within the framework of public-private partnership (PPP), substantiating and predicting the prospects of hydrogen fuel in order to decarbonize the economy and solve environmental problems, as well as determining the main directions of Russia's energy strategy. The authors have developed practical recommendations to eliminate the identified problems that hinder the improvement of the energy efficiency of industrial production and operation of facilities. The conclusion about the prospects of using green"hydrogen obtained with the help of renewable energy sources in solving environmental problems and building a climate-neutral economy characterized by zero greenhouse gas emissions is made. The research results can be useful in the course of training specialists in the energy sector, stimulating development work to improve energy efficiency, as well as representatives of public authorities in the development of state energy strategies.