All business entities of the modern generation strive for sustainable development, which requires a reasonable balance in such areas of their activity as social, environmental and economic. In the article, the application of the best available technologies is considered as the most important tool for solving this problem. In the context of the upcoming transition of the regulatory framework to the principles of environmental regulation, it becomes relevant to take into account the best available technologies, issues related to the analysis of the current state and prospects of introducing such technologies in the transport sector of the economy, as well as to reduce environmental and economic risks. The article analyzes the experience of foreign countries in introducing the best available technologies in the transport infrastructure, the possibilities and features of its application in the transport sector of Russia. The ultimate goal of the authors’ study is to assess the potential for the formation of a new environmentally friendly transport sector in Russia, and at the initial stage, an analysis of the readiness of organizational and institutional structures for introducing the best available technologies becomes an important task. In this regard, the article analyzes the advantages of the development of transport in Russia on the basis of introducing the best available technologies and examines the experience of modernizing transport infrastructure after the adoption of the best available technologies by developed countries. The article also considers the most important aspects of the development of the transport industry in the Russian Federation and potential threats associated with technological modernization, if implemented without taking into account the factor of the best available technologies. Analytical studies of the world experience in introducing the best available technologies allow us to conclude that for Russia, the use of the best available technologies in the transport sector will deliver significant effects, including the technological modernization of the industry based on the environmental imperative, and improve the level of environmental and economic safety and improve the environment. For Russia, the development of the transport system without structural changes associated with technological modernization of the industry would lead to an increase in negative environmental consequences of continuous accelerated motorization and a decrease in the competitiveness of domestic automakers in the global automotive market.