The study conceptualizes the cultural dialogue of the Great Composers of the 19th and 20th centuries - P. I. Tchaikovsky and D. D. Schostakovich . Regarding the cultural aspect, various facets of creative intersections of geniuses are studies - such as philosophical, aesthetic, genre, musical and stylistic. The conclusion is drawn about existence of many analogies and parallels in the cultural dialogue of composers from the different eras. This refers to the field of symphony, opera and music and theatre genres. The authors also marks out the presence of innovative artistic solutions to philosophical problems: life, death and immortality, “Russian Hamletianism” and others, in accordance with sociocultural and the musical realities of the time.