Machine parts operating in moving fluids, such as hydraulic equipment, are subjected to cavitation erosion. Stable austenitic steels such as 316L with high ductility are used in manufacturing such type of equipment. This provides the possibility to resist the impact of fluid rupture near the surface region. Metastable austenite is a promising material for this application. It combines ductility with hardening in case of high external loads. In this study, the resistance to cavitation erosion of the deposited layer with metastable austenite the structure type 8.0Cr-0.6C-1.5Al-Ti and stable austenitic steel 18Cr10Ni2Mo (hereinafter AISI 316L) was evaluated using a developed ultrasonic testing apparatus. A flux-cored wire of 1.6 mm in diameter made of 8.0Cr-0.6C-1.5Al-Ti steel was deposited on a substrate made of AISI 316L steel by gas tungsten arc welding. The material weight loss criterion was used to evaluate the cavitation resistance of specimens. The results of the cavitation tests revealed that the specimen with the deposited layer was exhibited about 10 times higher resistance to cavitation erosion than the AISI 316L steel. Examination of the specimen's surface using an optical microscope and scanning electron microscopy showed that the deposited layer was significantly less damaged by cavitation compared to AISI 316L steel. The good resistance to cavitation of the deposited layer might be attributed to deformation martensitic transformation occurring during cavitation loading. Thus, applying the deposited layers of steel 8.0Cr-0.6C-1.5Al-Ti can effectively increase the resistance to cavitation erosion of parts made of AISI 316L steel.