The article considers a problem of detecting and estimating object changes at the Earth’s surface using data of the Earth’s remote sensing from Space. Most of these data consists of cosmic photographs of various areas. The authors suggest effective methods of processing and analysis of alternative space photos of the same area to estimate structural changes of geographic object images. A structural change is a change of object’s image boundary. Essential changes of observable scenes (such as object appearance or disappearance) are also structural changes. The developed methods of detection, allocation and analysis of domains with essential structural changes of topographic objects images from different classes have high automation degree. These methods are implemented in a specialized software module framework. The module is integrated into “ENVI” geoinformation system. Thismodule can be used to solve many applied problems effectively. Such problems include the problem of on-line analysis of existing digital topographic maps urgency to make a decision on renewal of nomenclatural sheets depending on a degree of detected structural changes of object images at alternative space photos of the same area. In addition, socially important problems are on-line monitoring anthropogenic accidents, estimating regional seismic danger, on-line ecological monitoring of the environment and others.