The article focuses on the role and the scope of the investment policy, its changing trends and content of the target during the formation of a national innovation model. Comparative analysis of investment policy is used as a research tool. Vertical analysis deals with the Russian Federation and the Sverdlovsk region, horizontal one is – a comparison of the investment dynamics in federal districts and regions of the Russian Federation. In the forecasting process the necessity of priority investment of "innovative core" areas, sectors of the knowledge economy, terms of economic growth, extension of bottlenecks is proved.