The research is aimed at identifying the direction of development and studying the existing system of non-cash payments in the Russian Federation. Due to the spread of modern information technologies, the gradual development of non-cash payments and the displacement of cash from many areas of economic relations continues. World experience confirms that developed countries with highly efficient economies use highly developed technologies and have been making serious efforts to develop non-cash payments for more than fifteen years. The purpose of the study is to study the existing system of non-cash payments in the Russian Federation and identify areas of development. Tasks. Since in the current situation, the increase in the number of non-cash settlements is a natural process concerning the interests of many business entities, it is necessary to analyze the problems and prospects for the development of non-cash settlements. Methodology. The research uses the methods of evolutionary and institutional theory, the theory of industrial and technological balance and techno-economic structures, world-system and political-economic analysis, historical approach, analytical and expert assessments. Results. The retrospective analysis of the problems and specifics of the organization, that hinder the most effective development of the non-cash payment system in the Russian Federation, allowed us to formulate certain proposals for improving non-cash payments. The implementation of these measures will contribute to the improvement of the system of non-cash payments. Conclusions. Speaking about the trends in the development and improvement of the organization of non-cash payments in Russia, the primary task is to eliminate the identified problems both in the settlement system as a whole and in the context of its individual segments. The degree of further development of non-cash settlements depends on the adoption at the state level of legislative and regulatory acts that will allow the implementation of a gradual expansion of the payment infrastructure of non-cash settlements, ensure sufficient security of money transfers, as well as on the implementation of specific measures by the banking community.