The article explores the problem of human vulnerability and the question of temporal security in Martin Heidegger’s philosophy through a historical-philosophical and philosophical-anthropological analysis. The relevance of the topic is determined by the importance of security in the modern world and its philosophical analysis in the context of the philosopher’s work. In contemporary society, there are numerous threats and challenges that can endanger human security, and it is therefore important to understand the philosophical aspects of this problem in order to more effectively combat it. It is important to note that Heidegger approached the problem of security from a unique philosophical perspective, based on his fundamental ontology and theory of time. This approach allows for a deeper understanding of the philosophical aspects of security and the interaction between humans and the world as a whole. For Heidegger, security does not mean the absence of risks, but rather the ability to master one’s fears and anxieties and learn to live with them. The philosopher’s works note a complex and multifaceted meaning of the relationship to security. An important condition for solving the problem posed in the article is Heidegger’s exploration of the experience of fear and anxiety in everyday life, which he reveals in “Being and Time” (1927). Here, the philosopher highlights the main feature of human existence, which should be sought not in Being itself, but rather in everyday experiences, among which fear and anxiety are just a few examples. The aim of the article is to show how the concepts of vulnerability, anxiety, and fear regarding security are revealed in Martin Heidegger’s philosophical methodology. Another important aspect considered in the article is the relationship between time and security in fundamental ontology. Temporal concepts such as past, present, and future play a key role in understanding security. For Heidegger, time is not simply a linear sequence of events, but rather a fundamental concept that determines our ability to understand our fears and anxieties. In conclusion, the importance and necessity of returning to the study of Martin Heidegger’s philosophy are emphasized, and the relevance of his views for contemporary philosophers and other researchers is underlined, as his understanding of human vulnerability and temporal security can help us better understand the complexity and uncertainty of our lives and learn to live in a world of dangers and risks. Finally, studying Heidegger’s philosophy can help in the search for answers to current philosophical questions, such as the relationship between human beings, the world, nature, technology, and science, and ways of overcoming the crisis of modern society.