The author follows the tradition of the Anthropogeographical School. It poses the problem of the genesis of human interaction with the surrounding environment. Its context directly affects the stage of the early history of mankind, when there were many different societies, most of which were not related to one another (the microstructure of the world), and when a fundamental discovery was made in the Middle East - the transition to plant growing and domestication of animals. However, the general meaning of the study is to justify the fact that the diffusion of technology, brought about by this discovery and action, primarily of natural and geographical conditions, led through the centuries to the emergence of a new type of organization of the world - the macrostructure of the world.