The article is devoted to the problem of the history of Belarusian immigration to the countries of Latin America. The authors focus on the coverage of this topic in Soviet historical science. The authors show that when analyzing this problem, Soviet historians focused on the factors of departure associated with the living conditions of Belarusians in the Russian Empire and in interwar Poland. Considerable attention was also paid to the participation of Belarusian immigrants in the anti-fascist movement in Argentina and other countries of the continent.