Russia is seriously inferior to the leading countries with developed economies in the share of high-tech exports in the total world exports of high-tech goods, one of the important indicators of innovative development of the country. The article analyzes the volume and structure of Russian exports from 2012 to 2018 and identifies the factors of its decline and dependence on external influences. The authors of the article consider in detail the dynamics of income from innovative exports of the Russian Federation and economically developed countries in recent years and determine the country's place in world exports of high-tech goods.