The article considers medical stress as a special phenomenon having both physiological and psychological characteristics. As a result of literature review and theoretical analysis, some biological and psychological factors of stress reactions in children during pathological processes and medical manipulations are differentiated. The influence of medical stress on further mental development and the risk of destructive personal changes is considered. The approaches to overcoming medical stress in children under outpatient or inpatient treatment are analyzed. Psychological technologies effective for the formation of effective coping strategies are described.