The introduction of the concept of lean production at Russian enterprises often does not lead to the expected results, and under certain conditions the application of the provisions and tools of the concept can have negative consequences. Such consequences are associated with a decrease in the ability of the production system to respond to failures, instability of the system parameters due to the reduction of all types of reserves and reserves associated with the use of lean-technologies. The result may be a decrease in production reliability. The aim of the work is to study the relationship between the implementation of the concept of lean manufacturing and the reliability of the enterprise. The paper considers the main problems of Russian enterprises in the implementation of lean-technologies. The author’s definition of the reliability of the enterprise functioning is given, systematization of aspects of manifestation and reliability factors is carried out. The author's approach to their classification is proposed. A tree of the consequences of the implementation of lean manufacturing and their impact on the reliability of the enterprise is created. The results of the work are the basis for the development of methods for resolving the contradictions arising in the practice of enterprises activities between the targets and the general orientation of lean production, on the one hand, and reliability, on the other.